English / Ulster-Scots Glossary
Verb Tables
Source | English / Ulster-Scots Glossary: A Core Vocabulary Wordlist with Verb Tables |
Author | Philip Robinson (compiled and edited by) |
Publisher | Ullans Press |
Edition | First Edition |
Date | 2013 |
Downloads | → MOBI (Kindle) → EPUB → PDF |
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The Scots and Ulster-Scots past tense verb ending in '-it' or '-t' (rather than '-ed' or '-d') is a well-established historical form which also reflects a pronunciation difference with English. For example:
baked | - baket |
laughed | - lacht |
walked | - waakt, dannèrt |
tipped | - coupt |
wrestled | - wrasseltt |
opened | - apen't |
However, this only applies when the verbs are 'regular' or 'plain' verbs in both languages. The following tables set out in summary how verb forms change differently in English and Ulster-Scots to indicate the past.
PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a '-d' ending in Ulster-Scots and English
English verb | English past tense | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense |
(beat) | whale | whaled | |
(build) | big | bigged | |
(endure) | thole | tholed | |
(hurry) | hie | hied | |
(select) | wale | waled | |
(trade) | dale | doled | |
allow | allowed | alloo | allooed |
belong | belonged | belang | belanged |
call | called | caa | caad |
die | died | dee | deed |
divide | divided | divide | divid |
draw | drew | draa | draad |
follow | followed | follae | follaed |
hear | heard | hear | heerd |
live | lived | leeve | leeved |
loosen | loosened | loose | loosed |
pay | paid | pye | pyed |
please | pleased | plaise | plaised |
roll | rolled | rowl | rowled |
say | said | say | sayed |
PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a "-t" ending in Ulster-Scots
English verb | English past tense | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense |
(carry) | cairt | cairtit | |
(compel) | gar | gart | |
(cry) | greet | greetit, gret | |
(direct) | road | roadit | |
(dodge) | jook | jookt | |
(manage) | hannle | hannelt | |
(nudge) | dunt | duntit | |
(remember) | mine | mindit | |
(scatter) | skail | skailt | |
(sicken) | scunnèr | scunnèrt | |
(shout) | guldèr | guldèrt | |
(stroll) | dannèr | dannèrt | |
(teach) | lairn | lairnt | |
(tip over) | coup | coupt | |
act | acted | ect | edit |
ask | asked | ax, ast | axt, ast |
connect | connected | connect | connectit |
count | counted | coont | coontit |
drop | dropped | drap | drapt |
drown | drowned | droon | droondit |
fill | filled | fill | fillt |
gather | gathered | gether | gethert |
heed | heeded | heed | heedit |
hunt | hunted | hunt | huntit |
join | joined | join | joint |
kill | killed | kïll | kïllt |
laugh | laughed | lach | lacht |
lift | lifted | lïft | lïftit |
look | looked | luk | lukt |
need | needed | need | needit |
part | parted | pairt | pairtit |
pick | picked | pïck | pïckt |
plaster | plastered | plestèr | plestèrt |
salt | salted | saut | sautit |
shift | shifted | shïft | shïftit |
start | started | stairt | stairtit |
stop | stopped | stap | stapt |
stretch | stretched | streetch | streetcht, streekit |
talk | talked | taak | taakt, taakit |
turn | turned | turn | turnt |
walk | walked | waak | waakt, waakit |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English
English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
come | came | have come | cum | cum | hae cum |
drink | drank | have drunk | drink | drunk | hae drunk |
hang | hanged | have hung | hing | hung | hae hung |
run | ran | have run | rin | run | hae run |
sing | sang | have sung | sïng | sung | hae sung |
swim | swam | have swum | sweem | swum | hae swum |
IRREGULAR ENGLISH PLAIN VERBS:
English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
catch | caught | have caught | ketch | ketched | hae ketched |
tell | told | have told | tell | toul (telt) | hae toul, (hae telt) |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English, and a Past Participle form with "-n" ending in English also
English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
beat | beat | have beaten | bate | bate | hae bate |
break | broke | have broken | brek | broke, (loc.) brok | hae broke |
eat | ate | have eaten | eat | et | hae et |
fall | fell | have fallen | faa | fell | hae fell |
give | gave | have given | gie | gien (gied) | hae gien, (hae gied) |
grow | grew | have grown | growe | grew (growed) | hae grew (hae growed) |
know | knew | have known | know | knowed | hae knowed |
lie | lay | have lain | lie | layed | hae layed |
ride | rode | have ridden | ride | rid | hae rid |
see | saw | have seen | see | seen | hae seen |
swear | swore | have sworn | sweer | sweered | hae sweered |
take | took | have taken | tak | tuk (taen) | hae tuk (taen) |
write | wrote | have written | write | writ | hae writ |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Verb forms which do not change in English for Past Tense or Past Participle
English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots Verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
hit | hit | have hit | hit | hut | hae hut |
let | let | have let | let | lut (let) | hae lut (let) |
put | put | have put | pit | püt | hae püt |
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